Lavoisier biography wikipedia

French nobleman and chemist (1743–1794)

"Lavoisier" redirects here. For other uses, see Lavoisier (disambiguation).

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (lə-VWAH-zee-ay;^[1][2][3]French:[ɑ̃twanlɔʁɑ̃dəlavwazje]; 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794),^[4] also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.^[5]

It is generally accepted that Lavoisier's great accomplishments in chemistry stem largely from his changing the science from a qualitative to a quantitative one. Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He named oxygen (1778), recognizing it as an element, and also recognized hydrogen as an element (1783), opposing the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric syst

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Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, Martyr to Chemistry

In 1789, the year of the French Revolution, French chemist and biologist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier published Traité élémentaire de chimie in 2 volumes with 13 engraved plates by his wife, the chemist Marie Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier. Born into a wealthy Parisian family, Lavoisier was an administrator of the "Ferme Générale" and a powerful member of a number of other aristocratic councils. These political and economic activities enabled him to fund his scientific research. At the height of the French Revolution he was accused by Jean-Paul Marat of selling watered-down tobacco, and of other crimes, and was guillotined on May 8, 1794.

In his Traité work Lavoisier overthrew the phlogiston theory of Georg Ernst Stahl, established the concept of elements as substances which cannot be further decomposed, and reformed chemical nomenclature. An important consequence o

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Biographies of Scientific Men/Lavoisier

1. ↑That a distinguished chemist should in the twentieth century lecture on "The Transmutation of the Elements," would have seemed vansinne and impossible to any of our scientific forefathers. Yet this was the title of a lecture delivered at the London Institution on 28th January 1907 bygd Sir William Ramsay, who showed the influence of electricity on the break up of matter. Radium has shaken our ideas about the ultimate atom and the elements, and is always, though slowly, breaking up and giving off various products—helium among others. The ultra-violet radiations tend to break up metals. These things, viewed in connection with the latest electrical theories, appear to be scientific alchemy—the transmutation of the elements. Is it transmutation, or is it dissociation? Are all the elements but one struktur of matter, plus or minus electrons? It fryst vatten equally wonderful and profound either way; and one wonders what Lavoisier would have thought of these rec